HC finished the animal study and was responsible for the in vitro study, wrote the manuscript. XZ finished the animal study, were responsible for the in vitro study. XX analyzed data and constructed the graphs. ZL analyzed data and revised the manuscript. HL designed the study. YS designed the study, analyzed data and constructed the graphs, revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to editorial changes in the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors have participated sufficiently in the work and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

All animal experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Bengbu Medical University (Approval No. 2021-105). The animal experiments described in this study were conducted in strict accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, 2011).

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in this study. The consent process was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical University (Approval No. 440 of 2025). The consent forms clearly explained the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

Not applicable.

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (82104152), Cultivation program for middle and young teachers in universities (YQYB2025016).

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN49777.